What are primary sources in historical research?

Primary sources are original materials created during the time period being studied or by individuals directly involved in the events of interest. This may include a variety of formats such as letters, diaries, photographs, official documents, artifacts, and recordings. These sources provide firsthand accounts and evidence that historians use to gain insights into the thoughts, experiences, and contexts of a particular time. By utilizing primary sources, researchers can analyze and interpret events with direct evidence, which is essential for constructing an accurate understanding of the past.

In contrast, secondary sources, such as analyses, summaries, or articles that interpret or discuss historical events, do not hold the same immediacy or authenticity as primary sources. Items like textbooks and scholarly articles typically synthesize information from primary sources or other secondary sources, providing interpretations rather than direct evidence. Thus, while they are valuable for understanding historical interpretations, they do not qualify as primary sources themselves.