What does the term "checks and balances" refer to?

The term "checks and balances" refers to a system designed to prevent any one branch of government from wielding excessive power. This principle is foundational in many democratic systems, particularly in the United States, where the government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Each branch has specific powers and responsibilities, and they can regulate each other’s actions through various means. For instance, the legislative branch makes laws, but the president can veto those laws, constituting a check on legislative power. Similarly, the judiciary can rule legislation as unconstitutional, thus maintaining a balance of power among the branches.

This system is essential for safeguarding democracy and ensuring that no single entity can dominate or abuse power, thereby promoting accountability and protecting citizens' rights. In contrast, other options either misrepresent the nature of checks and balances or do not align with its primary function, which is to maintain equilibrium within the government structure.