What does "urbanization" refer to?

Urbanization refers specifically to the movement of people from rural areas to cities. This process typically involves individuals or families relocating to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities, healthcare, education, and overall living standards. Over time, this migration contributes to the growth of urban populations and the expansion of cities.

Urbanization is not simply about the decline of rural populations or the increase in agricultural production; rather, it is the transition of populations toward urban environments. While technology may expand in urban areas, it is not the defining characteristic of urbanization itself. Instead, the core of urbanization lies in the population shift and the socio-economic changes that accompany such movements. This understanding is fundamental in analyzing demographic trends and their impacts on society.