What economic phenomenon is associated with the rise of socialism and related to the industrial revolution?

The rise of socialism is closely connected to the urban changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, which led to significant growth of cities. As industrialization progressed, people migrated from rural areas to urban centers in search of work in factories. This urban migration resulted in rapidly expanding cities, which often faced issues such as poor living conditions, overcrowding, and socioeconomic disparities.

These issues highlighted the struggles of the working class and the inequality present within capitalist systems, forcing many to seek alternative social structures that promised better distribution of wealth and resources. Socialism emerged as a response to the challenges faced by workers in these urban environments, advocating for collective ownership and the need to address the social issues exacerbated by industrialization and urbanization.

The other options mention various factors influenced by the Industrial Revolution, but do not directly elucidate the relationship between socialism and the specific conditions emerging from urban growth, making the connection to the growth of cities the most relevant in understanding the rise of socialism during this period.