What economic theory emphasizes government intervention?

Keynesian economics emphasizes the role of government intervention in the economy, particularly during periods of economic downturns. This theory, developed by John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression, argues that aggregate demand is often influenced by public sector activity, and that during recessions, private sector spending tends to decline. Keynesians believe that government can help stabilize the economy through fiscal policies, such as increased public spending or tax cuts, to stimulate demand and support economic growth.

In contrast, the other economic theories presented focus more on the mechanisms of the free market or the role of money supply. Supply-side economics, for instance, prioritizes tax cuts and deregulation to encourage production. Neoclassical economics emphasizes the efficiency of free markets and the self-regulating nature of the economy, while monetarism focuses on the control of the money supply as the primary means of regulating economic activity. These approaches tend to minimize the need for direct government intervention compared to Keynesian principles.