What is meant by "naturalization"?

Naturalization refers specifically to the legal process through which a foreign citizen acquires citizenship in a country that is not their original homeland. This process typically involves meeting certain eligibility criteria, such as residency requirements, demonstrating knowledge of the country's language and civics, and taking an oath of allegiance. By becoming a naturalized citizen, an individual gains the rights and responsibilities associated with citizenship, such as the right to vote and the ability to hold public office, which enhances their participation in the civic life of their new country.

The other options describe different concepts that do not capture the essence of naturalization. For instance, legal voting pertains to the rights conferred after citizenship is obtained, while acquiring property involves legal ownership issues rather than citizenship status. Changing one's nationality could involve processes that are not formalized or legally recognized as naturalization, which specifically refers to the legal transition from foreign national to citizen.