What is the term used to describe the division of powers among the national government and state governments?

The term that describes the division of powers among the national government and state governments is federalism. Federalism is a system of governance in which power is shared between the central and regional authorities. In the context of the United States, this means that the Constitution delineates specific powers that are reserved for the national government, while other powers are reserved for the states. This structure allows for a balance of authority, enabling both levels of government to function independently within their respective spheres while also working in conjunction in areas where their powers overlap.

Understanding federalism is crucial as it shapes the political landscape, influences policy-making, and reflects the diversity of local governance. It is also key to understanding issues related to state vs. federal rights, local governance autonomy, and broader discussions about governance structure.