What term describes government policies regarding taxation and spending to influence the economy?

The term that describes government policies regarding taxation and spending to influence the economy is fiscal policy. This type of policy encompasses decisions made by the government on how much to collect in taxes and how to allocate government spending. By adjusting these parameters, the government aims to manage economic growth, stimulate employment, control inflation, and influence overall economic activity.

Fiscal policy contrasts with monetary policy, which involves the management of money supply and interest rates, typically controlled by a nation's central bank. Additionally, trade policy addresses regulations and agreements that govern international trade and economic exchanges between countries, while regulatory policy refers to the rules and regulations that govern specific sectors and practices within the economy, aiming to maintain standards and protect public interests. Understanding fiscal policy is critical, as it directly impacts individuals and businesses through changes in taxes and government services and investments.