What was the primary outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, is best known for officially bringing World War I to a conclusion. This treaty imposed significant reparations and penalties on Germany, which was deemed responsible for the war. It aimed to prevent further conflict by limiting Germany's military capabilities and making it accountable for the losses incurred during the war. The reparations and territorial adjustments were intended to weaken Germany and reshape the balance of power in Europe following the devastation of the war.

While the treaty did indeed influence national borders in Europe, which is mentioned in another choice, its most significant and direct impact was the formal end to hostilities and the subsequent indemnification placed on Germany. The Treaty itself also led to widespread political and economic instability in the region, which later contributed to the rise of extremism and eventually World War II, highlighting its long-term consequences.

The creation of the United Nations occurred later in 1945, as a direct response to the failures of the League of Nations established by the Treaty of Versailles. Additionally, while the treaty did address economic issues, its primary role was not to restructure the entire European economy, thereby making the second option the most accurate reflection of its primary outcome.