Which amendment guarantees the freedom of religion and speech?

The First Amendment is foundational to American democracy, as it guarantees essential freedoms that are crucial for individual expression and participation in civic life. Specifically, the First Amendment prohibits Congress from making laws that abridge the freedom of speech, press, or the right to assemble peaceably, as well as the free exercise of religion. This dual focus ensures that individuals have the ability to express their thoughts and beliefs without government interference, fostering a marketplace of ideas that is vital for a healthy democracy.

The Second Amendment pertains to the right to bear arms, the Fifth Amendment addresses rights related to legal proceedings and protections against self-incrimination, and the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. None of these amendments address the freedoms of religion and speech, which is why the First Amendment is the correct choice in this context.