Which document is known for establishing fundamental civil liberties in the United States?

The Bill of Rights is the document that is specifically known for establishing fundamental civil liberties in the United States. Ratified in 1791, the Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, outlining essential rights and protections for individuals against government overreach. These amendments cover a range of freedoms, including speech, religion, assembly, and the right to a fair trial, among others.

This document serves to guarantee individual liberties and reflects a commitment to ensuring that the rights of citizens are preserved, particularly in response to concerns that the original Constitution did not sufficiently protect these rights. The impact of the Bill of Rights has been profound, as it has formed the basis for many legal interpretations and judicial decisions regarding civil liberties throughout American history.

The other documents do not focus on civil liberties in the same way. The Constitution sets up the structure of the government and delineates the powers of its branches, while the Declaration of Independence articulates the philosophical justification for independence from Britain but does not enumerate specific rights. The Articles of Confederation primarily addressed the governance of the fledgling nation and did not include a bill of rights. Thus, the Bill of Rights is the cornerstone document dedicated to ensuring and protecting the civil liberties of individuals in the United States.