Which document outlines the fundamental laws that govern a society?

The Constitution is the foundational document that establishes the fundamental laws and principles that govern a society, particularly in the context of the United States. It sets forth the structure of government, delineates the powers of different branches, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The Constitution not only serves as the supreme law of the land, but it also incorporates mechanisms for amendments, ensuring that it can adapt to changing societal norms and values over time.

In contrast, while the Bill of Rights constitutes the first ten amendments to the Constitution and specifically enumerates individual liberties and protections for citizens, it operates within the framework the Constitution provides. The Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document of the United States but proved inadequate in establishing a strong federal government, leading to the drafting of the Constitution. Judicial review refers to the power of courts to evaluate the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions, but it is not a governing document itself.

Thus, the Constitution is the comprehensive source that outlines the fundamental laws governing the society, making it the correct choice in this context.